{"id":1568,"date":"2012-03-15T13:57:40","date_gmt":"2012-03-15T16:57:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.decisaoclinica.com\/blog\/?page_id=1568"},"modified":"2024-11-14T21:13:56","modified_gmt":"2024-11-14T21:13:56","slug":"a-estatistica-na-pesquisa-clinica","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/?page_id=1568","title":{"rendered":"Estat\u00edstica na pesquisa cl\u00ednica"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/6sided_dice.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4372 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/6sided_dice-300x207.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"207\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/6sided_dice-300x207.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/6sided_dice-768x529.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/6sided_dice-1024x705.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/6sided_dice.jpg 1320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Aldemar Araujo Castro<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Flattes.cnpq.br%2F2259022333178681&amp;sa=D&amp;sntz=1&amp;usg=AFQjCNH-6uH_976oW1SQYJtWVvTIomhTWw\">http:\/\/lattes.cnpq.br\/2259022333178681<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 24pt; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong>A Estat\u00edstica na Pesquisa Cl\u00ednica: <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24pt; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> um ponto de vista diferente da aplica\u00e7\u00e3o da estat\u00edstica<br \/>\nna pesquisa com seres humanos<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"size-medium wp-image-1704\" style=\"font-size: 18pt;\" title=\"site_em_construcao_\">ISBN: em andamento.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/qrcode.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4378\" src=\"https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/qrcode.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"221\" height=\"221\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/qrcode.png 400w, https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/qrcode-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/qrcode-300x300.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 221px) 100vw, 221px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/numeros7\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">http:\/\/bit.ly\/numeros7<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Macei\u00f3, AL<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> 2012<\/span><\/p>\n<hr style=\"height: 5px; width: 100%; color: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #CCCCCC;\" noshade=\"noshade\" size=\"5\" width=\"100%\" \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-large;\">\u00cdndice<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; color: #000000;\">1.\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"http:\/\/decisaoclinica.com\/?page_id=1568&amp;page=2\">INTRODU\u00c7\u00c3O<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; color: #000000;\"><strong>(Porque utilizar a matem\u00e1tica aplicada em pesquisa?<\/strong>)<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000;\">O que \u00e9?<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; color: #000000;\">Import\u00e2ncia?<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; color: #000000;\">Quem deve fazer?<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; color: #000000;\">Quando fazer?<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; color: #000000;\">Onde fazer?<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; color: #000000;\">Como fazer?<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; color: #000000;\">Quando custa?<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; color: #000000;\">Considera\u00e7\u00f5es finais<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; color: #000000;\">2.\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"http:\/\/decisaoclinica.com\/?page_id=1568&amp;page=3\">T\u00c9CNICAS DE AMOSTRAGEM<\/a><br \/>\n(<strong>Minha amostra \u00e9 representativa?<\/strong>)<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; color: #000000;\">Apresenta\u00e7\u00e3o<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000;\">Exerc\u00edcios<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000;\">Recursos na internet<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; color: #000000;\">3.\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"http:\/\/decisaoclinica.com\/?page_id=1568&amp;page=4\">C\u00c1LCULO DO TAMANHO DA AMOSTRA<\/a><br \/>\n(<strong>Quandos indiv\u00edduos vou precisar estudar?<\/strong>)<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; color: #000000;\">Apresenta\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; color: #000000;\">Exerc\u00edcios<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; color: #000000;\">Recursos na internet<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; color: #000000;\">4.\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"http:\/\/decisaoclinica.com\/?page_id=1568&amp;page=5\">COLETA, ARMAZENAMENTO E TABULA\u00c7\u00c3O DOS DADOS<\/a><br \/>\n(<strong>Como organizar meus dados?<\/strong>)<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; color: #000000;\">Apresenta\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; color: #000000;\">Exerc\u00edcios<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; color: #000000;\">Recursos na internet<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; color: #000000;\">5.\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"http:\/\/decisaoclinica.com\/?page_id=1568&amp;page=6\">ESTAT\u00cdSTICA DESCRITIVA<\/a><br \/>\n(<strong>Como resumir meus resultados?<\/strong>)<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; color: #000000;\">Apresenta\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; color: #000000;\">Exerc\u00edcios<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; color: #000000;\">Recursos na internet<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; color: #000000;\">6.\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"http:\/\/decisaoclinica.com\/?page_id=1568&amp;page=7\">INTERVALO DE CONFIAN\u00c7A<\/a><br \/>\n(<strong>Qual o grau de certeza do meu resultado?<\/strong>)<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; color: #000000;\">Apresenta\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; color: #000000;\">Exerc\u00edcios<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; color: #000000;\">Recursos na internet<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; color: #000000;\">7.\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"http:\/\/decisaoclinica.com\/?page_id=1568&amp;page=8\">AN\u00c1LISE ESTAT\u00cdSTICA: SELE\u00c7\u00c3O DO TESTE ESTAT\u00cdSTICO E C\u00c1LCULO DO VALOR DE P<\/a><br \/>\n(<strong>O acaso \u00e9 o respons\u00e1vel pelos meus resultados?<\/strong>)<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; color: #000000;\">Apresenta\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; color: #000000;\">Exerc\u00edcio<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; color: #000000;\">Recursos na internet<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; color: #000000;\">8.\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"http:\/\/decisaoclinica.com\/?page_id=1568&amp;page=9\">CONSIDERA\u00c7\u00d5ES FINAIS<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; color: #000000;\">(<strong>E agora?<\/strong>)<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha;\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; color: #000000;\">O passado da estat\u00edstica na pesquisa cl\u00ednica<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; color: #000000;\">O presente da estat\u00edstica na pesquisa cl\u00ednica<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; color: #000000;\">O futuro da estat\u00edstica na pesquisa cl\u00ednica<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Refer\u00eancias mais importantes<\/strong><\/span><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.consort-statement.org\/consort-statement\/\">http:\/\/www.consort-statement.org\/consort-statement<\/a><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> &#8211; Recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es para a publica\u00e7\u00e3o de artigos (ensaio cl\u00ednico randomizado). Devem ser amplamente utilizado em todos os artigos originais.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/jap.physiology.org\/content\/97\/2\/457.full\">http:\/\/jap.physiology.org\/content\/97\/2\/457.full<\/a><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> &#8211; Guidelines for reporting statistics in journals published by the American Physiological Society<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/cc_glossary_traducao_412.pdf\">Gloss\u00e1rios de termos de pesquisa, de metodologia e de estat\u00edstica<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www2.fob.usp.br\/estatistica\/\">http:\/\/www2.fob.usp.br\/estatistica\/<\/a>\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0FOB &#8211; USP (Disciplina de Metodologia de Pesquisa e Estat\u00edstica)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"background-color: #000000; width: 100%; height: 87px; border: 0pt solid #003399;\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 833.289px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Coment\u00e1rios, sugest\u00f5es e\/ou cr\u00edticas s\u00e3o bem-vindos!<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 833.289px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff; font-size: 12pt; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Encaminhe para o correio eletr\u00f4nico:<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"color: #ffffff; font-size: 12pt; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">aldemararaujocastro@gmail.com<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!--nextpage--><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"ini\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/presentation\/embed?id=18AtjLr3a0X_snYcBsvK1Us_B-PIoHhO-dqsK3vTVxbc&amp;start=false&amp;loop=false&amp;delayms=3000\" width=\"480\" height=\"389\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">INTRODU\u00c7\u00c3O (<strong>Torturar os dados at\u00e9 d\u00e1 diferen\u00e7a!?!?!?!?!?!?<\/strong>)<\/span>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha;\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">O que \u00e9?<\/span>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">A estat\u00edstica \u00e9 uma parte da matem\u00e1tica que se dedica \u00e0 <strong>coleta<\/strong>, <strong>an\u00e1lise<\/strong> e <strong>interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong> e <strong>apresenta\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong> de dados (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/statistics\">Merriam-Webster<\/a> | <a href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/EBchecked\/topic\/564172\/statistics\">Britannica<\/a> | <a href=\"http:\/\/www.encyclopediaofmath.org\/index.php\/Mathematical_statistics\">Encyclopedia of Mathematics<\/a>). A Bioestat\u00edstica \u00e9 a <strong>estat\u00edstica aplicada<\/strong> \u00e0s ci\u00eancias biol\u00f3gicas e \u00e0s da sa\u00fade.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Import\u00e2ncia?<\/span>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Auxiliar no processo de tomada de decis\u00e3o.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Quem deve fazer?<\/span>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">O pr\u00f3prio pesquisador. Ele \u00e9 o respons\u00e1vel final pela pesquisa e deve ter dom\u00ednio sobre esse tema. A contrata\u00e7\u00e3o de um estat\u00edstico \u00e9 desej\u00e1vel quando o pesquisador n\u00e3o tem a flu\u00eancia em aplicar os princ\u00edpios da estat\u00edstica na pesquisa. Assim, esse profissional ser\u00e1 indispens\u00e1vel para a qualidade da pesquisa.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Quando fazer?<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">O uso da estat\u00edstica est\u00e1 presente nas tr\u00eas etapas da pesquisa: no <strong>planejamento<\/strong> (amostragem, c\u00e1lculo do tamanho da amostra, an\u00e1lise estat\u00edstica, formul\u00e1rio de coleta de dados), na <strong>execu\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong> (coleta do dados, armazenamento dos dados, tabula\u00e7\u00e3o dos dados, an\u00e1lise dos dados, interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o dos dados) e na <strong>divulga\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong> (apres<\/span>enta\u00e7\u00e3o dos dados).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Onde fazer?<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Em qualquer lugar aonde exista dispon\u00edvel um computador um internet.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Como fazer?<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">No planejamento da pesquisa<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">T\u00e9cnica de amostragem<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">T\u00e9cnica de randomiza\u00e7\u00e3o (se houver)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">C\u00e1lculo do tamanho da amostra<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">An\u00e1lise estat\u00edstica<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Elabora\u00e7\u00e3o do formul<\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">\u00e1rio de coleta de dados<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Na e<\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">xecu\u00e7\u00e3o da pesquisa<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Coleta dos dados<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Armazenamento dos dados<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Tabula\u00e7\u00e3o dos dados<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">An\u00e1lise dos dados<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o dos dados<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Na divulga\u00e7\u00e3o da pesquisa<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Reda\u00e7\u00e3o dos m\u00e9todos<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Apresenta\u00e7\u00e3o dos resultados<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Texto<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Tabelas<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Gr\u00e1ficos<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Quando custa?<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">O custo vai depender de quem ser\u00e1 o estat\u00edstico. Quando \u00e9 o pr\u00f3prio pesquisador, o custo direto n\u00e3o existe. No entanto, quando \u00e9 contratado um estat\u00edstico, o pre\u00e7o a ser pago \u00e9 <strong>vari\u00e1vel de acordo com o grau de participa\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong> no planejamento, na execu\u00e7\u00e3o e na divulga\u00e7\u00e3o da pesquisa. Pode variar desde algumas centenas de reais (quando ele participa apenas da an\u00e1lise dos dados) at\u00e9 alguns milhares de reais (quando participa de todas as etapas da pesquisa).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Considera\u00e7\u00f5es finais<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">A estat\u00edstica, assim como outras ci\u00eancias (reda\u00e7\u00e3o cient\u00edfica, epidemiologia cl\u00ednica, metodologia, &#8230;) s\u00e3o essenciais na realiza\u00e7\u00e3o de uma pesquisa. Quando maior o dom\u00ednio do pr\u00f3prio pesquisador sobre este tema, maior ser\u00e1 sua liberdade de a\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/numeros7\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4378 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/qrcode-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/qrcode-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/qrcode-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/qrcode.png 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>http:\/\/bit.ly\/numeros7<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><!--nextpage--><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><a name=\"amo\"><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/presentation\/embed?id=1cjZ7_8k_IudCOeKBXI3B9u9hpCnbdKfcIWV4LZ2qGoo&amp;start=false&amp;loop=false&amp;delayms=3000\" width=\"480\" height=\"389\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p>2. T\u00c9CNICAS DE AMOSTRAGEM (<strong>Minha amostra \u00e9 representativa?<\/strong>)<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">2.1. Apresenta\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha;\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">O que \u00e9?<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">\u00c9 a t\u00e9cnica utilizada para gerar uma amostra representativa da popula\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Import\u00e2ncia?<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Permitir que os resultados encontrados na amostra possam ser extrapolados para a popula\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Quem deve fazer?<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">O pr\u00f3prio pesquisador. Ele \u00e9 o respons\u00e1vel pela t\u00e9cnica adequada de amostragem para que a amostra seja respresentativa. O aux\u00edlio de um estat\u00edstico pode ser \u00fatil para aplicar t\u00e9cnicas mais complexas de amostragem.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Aonde fazer?<\/span>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: justify;\">Em qualquer local em que tenha dispon\u00edvel um computador com acesso \u00e0 Internet.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Quando fazer?<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: justify;\">No planejamento da pesquisa. A descri\u00e7\u00e3o da t\u00e9cnica de amostragem deve aparecer em detalhes no projeto de pesquisa.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Como fazer<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Determine se sua amostra \u00e9 probabilista ou n\u00e3o probabilistica.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Determine qual subtipo de amostra da sua pesquisa.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Descreva como ser\u00e1 o recrutamento dos sujeitos da pesquisa.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Considera\u00e7\u00f5es finais<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">A descri\u00e7\u00e3o da t\u00e9cnica de amostragem utilizada na pesquisa \u00e9 obrigat\u00f3ria. Este ser\u00e1 um dos itens que dever\u00e1 ser avaliado para determinar a aplicabilidade dos resultados da pesquisa no dia-a-dia.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;\">2.2. Exerc\u00edcios<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/staff.argyll.epsb.ca\/jreed\/math9\/strand4\/termsBias.swf\">http:\/\/staff.argyll.epsb.ca\/jreed\/math9\/strand4\/termsBias.swf<\/a> &#8211; Exerc\u00edcio online sobre os termos utilizados em amostragem.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Identifique a pergunta de pesquisa, a amostra e classifique a t\u00e9cnica de amostragem utilizada (<a title=\"Santos 2011\" href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/santos2011\">Santos, 2011<\/a>)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Identifique a pergunta de pesquisa, a amostra e classifique a t\u00e9cnica de amostragem utilizada (<a href=\"http:\/\/lavavascular.com\/moodle\/mod\/file.php\/23\/2009_2010\/artigos\/04_aorta\/EVAR1_2004.pdf\">EVAR, 2004<\/a>)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/amostra7\">http:\/\/bit.ly\/amostra7<\/a> &#8211; Quest\u00f5es de m\u00faltipla escolha sobre o tema<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.random.org\">http:\/\/www.random.org<\/a> &#8211; Ferramenta online para gerar n\u00fameros aleat\u00f3rios<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Dice &#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.random.org\/dice\/\">http:\/\/www.random.org\/dice\/<\/a><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Sequ\u00eancias &#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.random.org\/integers\/\">http:\/\/www.random.org\/integers\/<\/a><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">2.3. Recursos na internet<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/staff.argyll.epsb.ca\/jreed\/math9\/strand4\/4106.htm\">http:\/\/staff.argyll.epsb.ca\/jreed\/math9\/strand4\/4106.htm<\/a> &#8211; Texto sobre o tema<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/changingminds.org\/explanations\/research\/sampling\/sampling.htm\">http:\/\/changingminds.org\/explanations\/research\/sampling\/sampling.htm<\/a> &#8211; Texto sobre o tema<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><a href=\"..\/..\/planejamento\/pdf\/lv4_07_amostra.pdf\">http:\/\/www.decisaoclinica.com\/planejamento\/pdf\/lv4_07_amostra.pdf<\/a> &#8211; Cap\u00edtulo de livro sobre o tema (Castro, 2002)<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/KxNdu4\">http:\/\/bit.ly\/KxNdu4<\/a> &#8211; P\u00e1gina na Internet (Castro, 2012)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">(((http:\/\/bit.ly\/estatistica7))) http:\/\/bit.ly\/estatistica7<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/numeros7\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4378 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/qrcode-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/qrcode-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/qrcode-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/qrcode.png 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>http:\/\/bit.ly\/numeros7<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><!--nextpage--><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><a name=\"cta\"><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/presentation\/embed?id=1AmwUjK0e-jOm67jpGDQ_O_n3aQA0OeeJJllWTfeXMUE&amp;start=false&amp;loop=false&amp;delayms=3000\" width=\"480\" height=\"389\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">3. C\u00c1LCULO DO TAMANHO DA AMOSTRA (<strong>Quandos individuos vou precisar estudar?<\/strong>)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">3.1. Apresenta\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha;\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">O que <\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">\u00e9?<\/span>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">\u00c9 a determina\u00e7\u00e3o do n\u00famero de sujeitos da pesquisa que devem ser submetidos a pesquisa. Preferencialmente por meio de uma f\u00f3rmula matem\u00e1tica&#8230; (ver gloss\u00e1rio CONEP).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Import\u00e2ncia?<\/span>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Ter a quantidade necess\u00e1ria para testar a hip\u00f3tese da pesquisa. Nem mais, nem menos. As raz\u00f5es para realizar o c\u00e1lculo do tamanho da amostra s\u00e3o log\u00edsticas e \u00e9tica.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Quem deve fazer?<\/span>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">O pr\u00f3prio pesquisador.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Aonde fazer?<\/span>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Em qualquer lugar aonde estiver dispon\u00edvel um computador com acesso \u00e0 internet.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Quando fazer?<\/span>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">No plano de inten\u00e7\u00e3o, que \u00e9 o segundo passo do planejamento da pesquisa (ap\u00f3s o desenvolvimento da id\u00e9ia brilhante). Neste momento devemos fazer o primeiro c\u00e1lculo do tamanho da amostra. No item seguinte, revis\u00e3o da literatura, \u00e9 revisado se o c\u00e1cuo foi realizado de forma adequada. Neste momento, ele \u00e9 aprimorado.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Como fazer?<\/span>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Identificar a pergunta de pesquisa<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Identificar como a vari\u00e1vel prim\u00e1ria ser\u00e1 analisada (m\u00e9dia ou propor\u00e7\u00e3o?)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Identificar qual a an\u00e1lise estat\u00edstica (diferen\u00e7a, rela\u00e7\u00e3o [associa\u00e7\u00e3o ou correla\u00e7\u00e3o] ou predi\u00e7\u00e3o [regress\u00e3o]?)<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Identificar qual o tipo de estudo<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Identificar a f\u00f3rmula matem\u00e1tica para calcular o tamanho da amostra<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Realizar o c\u00e1lculo com as constantes selecionadas<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Considera\u00e7\u00f5es finais<\/span>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">O descri\u00e7\u00e3o do c\u00e1lculo do tamanho da amostra \u00e9 obrigat\u00f3rio aparecer no projeto de pesquisa, do relat\u00f3rio final e no artigo original. Ter este itens expl\u00edcito permite ao leitor avaliar o poder estat\u00edstico da sua pesquisa e entender quais foram as hip\u00f3yese estabelecidas no in\u00edcio da pesquisa.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">3.2. Exerc\u00edcios<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Identifique a pergunta de pesquisa, o tamanho da amostra e como ela foi determinada (<a title=\"Santos 2011\" href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/santos2011\">Santos, 2011<\/a>)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Identifique a pergunta de pesquisa, o tamanho da amostra e como ela foi determinada (<a href=\"http:\/\/lavavascular.com\/moodle\/file.php\/23\/2009_2010\/artigos\/04_aorta\/EVAR1_2004.pdf\">EVAR, 2004<\/a>)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>3.3. Recursos na internet<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/tamanho7\">http:\/\/bit.ly\/tamanho7<\/a> &#8211; Calculadora eletr\u00f4nica para o c\u00e1lculo do tamanho da amostra (Instituto Dante Pazanesse, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"..\/..\/planejamento\/lv4_10.htm\">http:\/\/www.decisaoclinica.com\/planejamento\/lv4_10.htm<\/a><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"> &#8211; Cap\u00edtulo de livro sobre o tema (Castro, 2002)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/c_samplesize\">http:\/\/bit.ly\/c_samplesize<\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">\u00a0 &#8211; Recomenda\u00e7\u00e3o de como descrever o c\u00e1lculo do tamanho da amostra no item m\u00e9todos (Consort Statement)<\/span><\/li>\n<li>http:\/\/www.uv.es\/uvetica\/files\/McCrum_Gardner2010.pdf<\/li>\n<li>http:\/\/www.openepi.com\/OE2.3\/Menu\/OpenEpiMenu.htm &#8211;\u00a0<span style=\"color: #003366;\">OpenEpi is free and\u00a0<\/span><b style=\"color: #003366;\">open source<\/b><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u00a0software for epidemiologic statistics.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/qrcode.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4378 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/qrcode-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/qrcode-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/qrcode-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/qrcode.png 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><br \/>\n<\/a>http:\/\/bit.ly\/numeros7<\/p>\n<p><!--nextpage--><br \/>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/presentation\/embed?id=1oCXBW0xhM5mmVxMdhPyCaqNYlAyfQX_N7iERUXGvV20&amp;start=false&amp;loop=false&amp;delayms=3000\" width=\"480\" height=\"389\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">4. COLETA, ARMAZENAMENTO E TABULA\u00c7\u00c3O DOS DADOS (<strong>Como organizar meus dados?<\/strong>)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">4.1. Apresenta\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha;\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">O que \u00e9?<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: justify;\">Coletar as informa\u00e7\u00f5es \u00e9 &#8230; Armazenar as informa\u00e7\u00f5es \u00e9 &#8230; Tabular as informa\u00e7\u00f5es \u00e9&#8230;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Import\u00e2ncia?<\/span>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">A coleta de dados garante que os dados reais foram transferidos para o formul\u00e1rio de coleta de dados. O armazenamneto, que os dados coletados s\u00e3o os armazenados e evitar a perda. A tabula\u00e7\u00e3o, organizar os daods e apresentar as tabelas e gr\u00e1ficos.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Quem deve fazer?<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">O pr\u00f3prio pesquisador. Esta habilidade de coletar, armazenar e tabular os dados \u00e9 indispens\u00e1vel na realiza\u00e7\u00e3o da pesquisa.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Aonde fazer?<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: justify;\">Em qualquer lugar aonde exista dispon\u00edvel um computador com acesso a internet ou com um aplicativo (<em>software<\/em>) para o c\u00e1lculo.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Quando fazer?<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: justify;\">No momento em que os dados est\u00e3o sendo tabulados.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Como fazer?<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: justify;\">Coletar<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: justify;\">Armazenar<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: justify;\">Tabular<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Considera\u00e7\u00f5es finais<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Tudo come\u00e7a com um formul\u00e1rio de coleta de dados\u00a0 que ser\u00e1 transformado em uma planilha eletr\u00f4nica na qual cada linha corresponde a um sujeito de pesquisa, e cada coluna, est\u00e3o dos dados coletados do sujeito da pesquisa. Quando mais simples, precisa e racional for a constru\u00e7\u00e3o desta planilha mais f\u00e1cil ser\u00e1 o armazenamento, e a tabula\u00e7\u00e3o dos dados. A planilha que cont\u00e9m os dados individuais da pesquisa devem ser disponibilidados na publica\u00e7\u00e3o final (relat\u00f3rio final e artigo original) na forma de um atalho (<em>link<\/em>) na internet.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">4.2. Exerc\u00edcios<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Construa o formul\u00e1rio de coleta de dados e tabule os dados (colocar arquivos com dados)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Construa quatro gr\u00e1ficos com os dados propostos no Quarteto de Anscombe<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anscombe%27s_quartet\"> http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anscombe%27s_quartet<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">4.3. Recursos na internet<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Coleta de dados (<a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/coleta7\">http:\/\/bit.ly\/coleta7<\/a>)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Armazenamento dos dados (<a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/armazena7\">http:\/\/bit.ly\/armazena7<\/a>)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Tabula\u00e7\u00e3o dos dados (<a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/tabula7\">http:\/\/bit.ly\/tabula7<\/a>)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ufpa.br\/dicas\/ms\/exc-ati.htm\">http:\/\/www.ufpa.br\/dicas\/ms\/exc-ati.htm<\/a> &#8211; Ativar a an\u00e1lise de dados do Excel<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Lapponi JC. Estat\u00edstica usando o Excel. 4 ed. S\u00e3o Paulo: Elservier; 2005. 496 p. (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com.br\/site\/produtos\/Detalhe-produto.aspx?tid=1773&amp;seg=3&amp;isbn=978-85-352-1574-8&amp;origem=AUTOR&amp;tit=ESTAT%C3%8DSTICA%20USANDO%20EXCEL\">link<\/a>)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">V\u00eddeo &#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/youtu.be\/2bV2o3ee3bY\">http:\/\/youtu.be\/2bV2o3ee3bY<\/a><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/qrcode.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4378 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/qrcode-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/qrcode-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/qrcode-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/qrcode.png 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><br \/>\n<\/a>http:\/\/bit.ly\/numeros7<\/p>\n<p><!--nextpage--><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"des\"><\/a><br \/>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/presentation\/embed?id=1N25M2h7trX5xF85_csbXYfemnbNeP5bIfhzbz2ahQRI&amp;start=false&amp;loop=false&amp;delayms=3000\" width=\"480\" height=\"389\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>5. ESTAT\u00edSTICA DESCRITIVA (<strong>Como resumir meus resultados?<\/strong>)<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">5.1. Apresenta\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">O que \u00e9?<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">A estat\u00edstica descritiva \u00e9 a parte da estat\u00edstica de utiliza de medidas, de coeficientes, de tabelas, e de gr\u00e1ficos para apresentar e resumir um conjunto de dados.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Import\u00e2ncia?<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Permite uma vis\u00e3o geral do dados em conjunto.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Quem deve fazer?<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">O pr\u00f3prio pesquisador. Esta habilidade de resumir os dados \u00e9 indispens\u00e1vel na realiza\u00e7\u00e3o da pesquisa.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Aonde fazer?<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Em qualquer lugar aonde exista dispon\u00edvel um computador com acesso a internet.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Quando fazer?<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Com os dados armazenados, o c\u00e1lculo da estat\u00edstica descritiva devem ser realizados continuamente at\u00e9 o final da coleta de dados. \u00c9 um trabalho paralelo a tabula\u00e7\u00e3o dos dados.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Como fazer?<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Ato \u00fanico&#8230;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Considera\u00e7\u00f5es finais<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">A estat\u00edstica descritiva deve fazer parte de qualquer pesquisa. A sua apresenta\u00e7\u00e3o permite apresentar um resumo dos dados coletados que se fossem apresentados individualmente n\u00e3o fariam sentido.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">5.2. Exerc\u00edcios<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Identifique a pergunta de pesquisa, a vari\u00e1vel prim\u00e1ria, o resultado da vari\u00e1vel prim\u00e1ria e apresente a estat\u00edstica descritiva (<a title=\"Santos 2011\" href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/santos2011\">Santos, 2011<\/a>)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Identifique a pergunta de pesquisa, a vari\u00e1vel prim\u00e1ria, o resultado da vari\u00e1vel prim\u00e1ria e apresente a estat\u00edstica descritiva (<a href=\"http:\/\/lavavascular.com\/moodle\/mod\/file.php\/23\/2009_2010\/artigos\/04_aorta\/EVAR1_2004.pdf\">EVAR, 2004<\/a>)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">5.3. Recursos na internet<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/ic95med\">http:\/\/bit.ly\/ic95med<\/a> &#8211; Calculadora online para o intervalo de confian\u00e7a de 95% da m\u00e9dia (QuickCals, GraphPad.com)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Bioestat &#8211; vers\u00e3o 5.3 &#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/mamiraua.org\/cms\/content\/public\/documents\/BioEstat-5.3-Portugues.zip\">http:\/\/mamiraua.org\/cms\/content\/public\/documents\/BioEstat-5.3-Portugues.zip<\/a> O BioEstat \u00e9 programa gratuito para estudantes de gradua\u00e7\u00e3o e p\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o, pesquisadores e professores, com 210 aplicativos estat\u00edsticos de f\u00e1cil uso pelos iniciantes, voltados sobretudo para as \u00e1reas das ci\u00eancias biol\u00f3gicas e m\u00e9dicas.Este programa cont\u00e9m o Manual (em formato de arquivo \u201cpdf\u201d) que orienta o usu\u00e1rio com indica\u00e7\u00f5es simples e precisas para cada teste, exemplos pr\u00e1ticos, gr\u00e1ficos de uso mais frequente, gloss\u00e1rio vinculado \u00e0 biometria e f\u00f3rmulas estat\u00edsticas referentes aos aplicativos do BioEstat. A licen\u00e7a de uso deste programa tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 gratuita, sendo permitida a instala\u00e7\u00e3o em v\u00e1rios computadores. Para outras informa\u00e7\u00f5es, envie um e-mail para <a href=\"mailto:mamiraua@mamiraua.org.br\">mamiraua@mamiraua.org.br<\/a>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/qrcode.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4378 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/qrcode-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/qrcode-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/qrcode-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/qrcode.png 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/numeros7\">http:\/\/bit.ly\/numeros7<\/a><\/p>\n<p><!--nextpage--><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"ic\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/presentation\/embed?id=18AzHwDYN4ybcKNRi9XqtDPIahCku86eYrRJ5Dpyi1DY&amp;start=false&amp;loop=false&amp;delayms=3000\" width=\"480\" height=\"389\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">6. INTERVALO DE CONFIAN\u00c7A (<strong>Qual o grau de certeza do meu resultado?<\/strong>)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">6.1. Apresenta\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha;\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">O que \u00e9?<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: justify;\">\u00c9 o c\u00e1lculo da (in)certeza do valor do ponto estimado com 95% de probabilidade. \u00a0O intervalo de confian\u00e7a possui um ponto m\u00e9dio (m\u00e9dia, propor\u00e7\u00e3o ou qualquer ponto de tend\u00eancia central), um limite inferior (o quanto o valor pode variar para baixo) e um limite superior (o quanto o valor pode variar para cima). Em outras palavras, caso a pesquisa for repetida 100 vezes, com 95% de probabilidade o valor do ponto estimado estar\u00e1 neste intervalo.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Import\u00e2ncia?<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: justify;\">Permite determinar o quando o ponto m\u00e9dio (valor da m\u00e9dia, da propor\u00e7\u00e3o, ou de qualquer outro ponto de tend\u00eancia central) pode variar para cima e para baixo. Ou seja, perceber que o que existe n\u00e3o \u00e9 um ponto m\u00e9dio, e sim, um intervalo aonde est\u00e1 situado o valor m\u00e9dio.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Quem deve fazer?<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">O pr\u00f3prio pesquisador. A habilidade de calcular o intervalo de confian\u00e7a de 95% para cada ponto estimado \u00e9 indispens\u00e1vel na realiza\u00e7\u00e3o da pesquisa.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Aonde fazer?<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: justify;\">Em qualquer lugar que tenha dispon\u00edvel um computador com acesso \u00e0 Internet ou com um aplicativo (<em>software<\/em>) apropriado.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Quando fazer?<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: justify;\">No &#8230;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Como fazer?<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: justify;\">Ato \u00fanico&#8230;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Considera\u00e7\u00f5es finais<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Apresente sempre o intervalo de confian\u00e7a de 95% para cada ponto estimado na sua pesquisa.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">6.2 Exerc\u00edcios<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Identifique a pergunta de pesquisa, a vari\u00e1vel prim\u00e1ria, o resultado da vari\u00e1vel prim\u00e1ria e calcule o intervalo de confian\u00e7a de 95% (<a title=\"Santos 2011\" href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/santos2011\">Santos, 2011<\/a>)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Identifique a pergunta de pesquisa, a vari\u00e1vel prim\u00e1ria, o resultado da vari\u00e1vel prim\u00e1ria e calcule o intervalo de confian\u00e7a de 95% (<a href=\"http:\/\/lavavascular.com\/moodle\/mod\/file.php\/23\/2009_2010\/artigos\/04_aorta\/EVAR1_2004.pdf\">EVAR, 2004<\/a>)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ruf.rice.edu\/%7Elane\/stat_sim\/conf_interval\/\">http:\/\/www.ruf.rice.edu\/~lane\/stat_sim\/conf_interval\/<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">6.3. Recursos na internet<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/ic95pro\">http:\/\/bit.ly\/ic95pro<\/a> &#8211; Calculadora online para o intervalo de confian\u00e7a de 95% de uma propor\u00e7\u00e3o (QuickCals, GraphPad.com)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/ic95med\">http:\/\/bit.ly\/ic95med<\/a> &#8211; Calculadora online para o intervalo de confian\u00e7a de 95% de uma m\u00e9dia (QuickCals, GraphPad.com)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/ic95nnt\">http:\/\/bit.ly\/ic95nnt<\/a> &#8211; Calculadora online para o intervalo de confian\u00e7a de 95% do NNT (QuickCals, GraphPad.com)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.rossmanchance.com\/applets\/ConfSim.html\">http:\/\/www.rossmanchance.com\/applets\/ConfSim.html<\/a> &#8211; Apple de Intervalo de Confian\u00e7a<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/onlinestatbook.com\/stat_sim\/conf_interval\/index.html\">http:\/\/onlinestatbook.com\/stat_sim\/conf_interval\/index.html<\/a> &#8211; Simula\u00e7\u00e3o de IC<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/digitalfirst.bfwpub.com\/stats_applet\/stats_applet_10_prob.html\">http:\/\/digitalfirst.bfwpub.com\/stats_applet\/stats_applet_10_prob.html<\/a> &#8211; Moedas<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.geogebra.org\/m\/tRAjcM2v\">https:\/\/www.geogebra.org\/m\/tRAjcM2v<\/a> &#8211; Intervalo de confian\u00e7a simula\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"alignnone\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/qrcode.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4378 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/qrcode-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/qrcode-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/qrcode-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/qrcode.png 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/numeros7\">http:\/\/bit.ly\/numeros7<\/a><\/p>\n<p><!--nextpage--><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/presentation\/embed?id=1HgKvS0zYFKKIeeUc0PrgcyjeNm--AR_22bOHEhQcAfc&amp;start=false&amp;loop=false&amp;delayms=3000\" width=\"480\" height=\"389\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>7. AN\u00e1LISE ESTAT\u00edSTICA: SELE\u00e7\u00e3O DO TESTE ESTAT\u00edSTICO E C\u00e1LCULO DO VALOR DE P (<strong>O acaso \u00e9 o respons\u00e1vel pelos meus resultados?<\/strong>)<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">7.1. Apresenta\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha;\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">O que \u00e9?<\/span>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">\u00c9 a sele\u00e7\u00e3o dos testes estat\u00edsticos que ser\u00e3o utilizados para calcular o valor de P.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Import\u00e2ncia?<\/span>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Permite calcular o quanto o acaso \u00e9 o respons\u00e1vel pelo resultado encontrado, o valor de P.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Quem deve fazer?<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">O pr\u00f3prio pesquisador.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Aonde fazer?<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Em qualquer local que tenha dispon\u00edvel um computador com o aplicativo de an\u00e1lise estat\u00edstica e os dados da pesquisa.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Quando fazer?<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">A sele\u00e7\u00e3o dos testes estat\u00edsticos que ser\u00e3o utilizados \u00e9 um item obrigat\u00f3rio que deve aparecer no projeto de pesquisa. A realiza\u00e7\u00e3o dos c\u00e1lculos e a identifica\u00e7\u00e3o do valor de P \u00e9 realizado na execu\u00e7\u00e3o da pesquisa. Assim, na divulga\u00e7\u00e3o da pesquisa (artigo original), os testes estat\u00edsticos utilizados s\u00e3o listados nos m\u00e9todos, e o valor de P nos resultados.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Como fazer<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Determine quais ser\u00e3o as vari\u00e1veis a serem analisadas<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Selecione o teste estat\u00edstico<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Selecione o valor de alfa<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Realize os c\u00e1lculo estat\u00edsticos<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Interprete o resultado do teste estat\u00edstico<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Considera\u00e7\u00f5es finais<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Apresente sempre o valor exato de P para cada an\u00e1lise estat\u00edstica realizada na sua pesquisa. Associado a este valor apresente o intervalo de confian\u00e7a de 95%. A apresenta\u00e7\u00e3o dos dois itens s\u00e3o complementares.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">7.2. Exerc\u00edcios<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Identifique a pergunta de pesquisa, a vari\u00e1vel prim\u00e1ria, o resultado da vari\u00e1vel prim\u00e1ria e calcule o valor de P (<a title=\"Santos 2011\" href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/santos2011\">Santos, 2011<\/a>)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Identifique a pergunta de pesquisa, a vari\u00e1vel prim\u00e1ria, o resultado da vari\u00e1vel prim\u00e1ria e calcule o valor de P (<a href=\"http:\/\/lavavascular.com\/moodle\/mod\/file.php\/23\/2009_2010\/artigos\/04_aorta\/EVAR1_2004.pdf\">EVAR, 2004<\/a>)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.amstat.org\/publications\/jse\/v16n3\/ChiSquareApplet.html\">http:\/\/www.amstat.org\/publications\/jse\/v16n3\/ChiSquareApplet.html<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">7<span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">.3. Recursos na internet<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.graphpad.com\/quickcalcs\/\">http:\/\/bit.ly\/calc7<\/a> &#8211; Calculadora online para a realiza\u00e7\u00e3o das an\u00e1lise estat\u00edsticas mais comuns<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><a href=\"..\/..\/planejamento\/lv4_11.htm\">http:\/\/www.decisaoclinica.com\/planejamento\/lv4_11.htm<\/a> &#8211; Cap\u00edtulo de livro sobre a an\u00e1lise estat\u00edstica no projeto de pesquisa.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/stata7a\">http:\/\/bit.ly\/stata7a<\/a> &#8211; Tabela para a escolha do teste estat\u00edstica<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/stata7b\">http:\/\/bit.ly\/stata7b<\/a> &#8211; Fluxograma para a escolha do teste estat\u00edstica<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/c_statisticalanalysis\">http:\/\/bit.ly\/c_statisticalanalysis<\/a> &#8211; Recomenda\u00e7\u00e3o de como descrever a an\u00e1lise estat\u00edstica no item m\u00e9todos (Consort Statement)<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/qrcode.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4378 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/qrcode-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/qrcode-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/qrcode-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/qrcode.png 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/numeros7\">http:\/\/bit.ly\/numeros7<\/a><\/p>\n<p><!--nextpage--><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"cf\"><\/a><br \/>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/presentation\/embed?id=14wwNuiYr_ZIehqatwQG0-k_PkAQe0RLqxl2iS46hMi8&amp;start=false&amp;loop=false&amp;delayms=3000\" width=\"480\" height=\"389\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>8. CONSIDERA\u00c7\u00d5ES FINAIS<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">8.1. O passado da estat\u00edstica na pesquisa cl\u00ednica<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Graunt\">http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Graunt<\/a> &#8211; Com quem tudo iniciou!<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">8.2. O presente da estat\u00edstica na pesquisa cl\u00ednica<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.consort-statement.org\/consort-statement\/\">http:\/\/www.consort-statement.org\/consort-statement<\/a> &#8211; Recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es para a publica\u00e7\u00e3o de artigos (ensaio cl\u00ednico randomizado). Devem ser amplamente utilizado em todos os artigos originais.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/jap.physiology.org\/content\/97\/2\/457.full\">http:\/\/jap.physiology.org\/content\/97\/2\/457.full<\/a> &#8211; <em>Guidelines for reporting statistics in journals published by the American Physiological Society<\/em>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">8.3. O futuro da estat\u00edstica na pesquisa cl\u00ednica<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Atalho (<em>link<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/qrcode.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-thumbnail wp-image-4378\" src=\"https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/qrcode-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/qrcode-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/qrcode-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/qrcode.png 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>http:\/\/bit.ly\/numeros7<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Aldemar Araujo Castro http:\/\/lattes.cnpq.br\/2259022333178681 A Estat\u00edstica na Pesquisa Cl\u00ednica: um ponto de vista diferente da aplica\u00e7\u00e3o da estat\u00edstica na pesquisa com seres humanos ISBN: em andamento. http:\/\/bit.ly\/numeros7 Macei\u00f3, AL 2012 \u00cdndice 1.\u00a0INTRODU\u00c7\u00c3O (Porque utilizar a matem\u00e1tica aplicada em pesquisa?) O que \u00e9? Import\u00e2ncia? Quem deve fazer? Quando fazer? Onde fazer? Como fazer? Quando custa? Considera\u00e7\u00f5es [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1562,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1568","page","type-page","status-publish","czr-hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1568","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1568"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1568\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5922,"href":"https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1568\/revisions\/5922"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1562"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.usinadepesquisa.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1568"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}